PARTS OF SPEECH
RAMONA
P. BELLEZA BEED 2-B
ramona_belleza@yahoo.com
nigthangel0030@gmail.com
PARTIDO
STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
GOA,
CAMARINES SUR
EIGHT PARTS OF THE
SPEECH
- Verb
- Noun
- Pronoun
- Adjective
- Adverb
- Preposition
- Conjunction
- Interjection
The Parts of Speech
Each part of speech explains not what the word is,
but how the word is used. In fact, the same word can be a noun in
one sentence and
a verb or adjective in the next. The next few examples show how a word's part
of speech can change from one sentence to the next, and following them is a
series of sections on the individual parts of speech, followed by an exercise.
Books are made of
ink, paper, and glue.
In this sentence,
"books" is a noun, the subject of the sentence.
Deborah waits patiently while
Bridget books the tickets.
Here "books"
is a verb, and its subject is "Bridget."
We walk down the street.
In this sentence,
"walk" is a verb, and its subject is the pronoun "we."
The mail carrier stood on the walk.
In this example, "walk" is a noun,
which is part of a prepositional phrase describing where the mail carrier stood.
The town decided to build a new jail.
Here "jail" is
a noun, which is the object of the infinitive phrase "to build."
The sheriff told us that if we did not leave
town immediately he would jail us.
Here "jail" is
part of the compound verb "would jail."
They heard high pitched cries in the
middle of the night.
In this sentence,
"cries" is a noun acting as the direct
object of the verb "heard."
The baby cries all night long and all
day long.
But here "cries" is a verb that
describes the actions of the subject of the sentence, the baby.
The Verb
A verb is a type of word that describes an action
or a state of being, like wiggle, walk, run, jump, be, do, have, or think.
Example:
Two Types of Verbs
1. Regular verbs are those whose past tense (for example,
"I looked") and past participle (for example, "I had
looked") are formed by following the standard rule: adding a "d"
or an "ed" to the end of the verb (sometimes a final consonant is
doubled, and if there is a y at the end of the word after a consonant, it
changes to an "ied"). Walk is an example of a regular verb: I
walk. You walked. They had walked. Another example is plan: I
plan. She planned. They have planned. Another example is carry: I
carry it. He carried it. They have carried it.
2. Irregular verbs are those whose past tense (for example,
"I rode") and past participle (for example, “I had ridden”) has forms
that do not follow the standard rules. There are many irregular verbs (over
250) in English, including be, break, bring, come, cut, eat, go, meet, run,
swim, and many more. The chart to the right lists some irregular
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The Noun
A noun is a word
that names a person, place, or thing
A
singular noun is a noun that means one person, place, or thing.
Example:
Singular Person-astronaut
Singular Place-store
Singular Thing-dog
A
plural noun is a noun that means more than one person, place, or
thing
Example:
Plural
Person- astronauts
Plural Place- stores
Plural Thing- dogs
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The Pronoun
A pronoun is an
identifying word used instead of a noun but inflected in the same way.
Pronouns- he, she, us, they, I, you, it, we
Jack missed school yesterday because he was
sick.
Sarah liked ballet a lot so she took it
again next year.
"All of us can go to the park
tomorrow," Sharon announced to her friends.
"Why do they always get to do things
that I don't get to do?" my younger brother Joe complained.
”I wish I lived really near Disney
World!” John exclaimed when he was bored.
"Aren't you going to play with your
friends?" mom asked.
“ Isn't it cool that we get to go skiing
this winter?” Bob said.
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The
Adjective
An adjective is a word that describes,
identifies, modifies, or quantifies something (a noun or a pronoun). In the
phrase, "the black cat" the word black is an
adjective because it describes the cat.
Categories of Adjectives
- quantity - few, no, one, two, three, four, little, several,
many, all, some, every, each, ...
- opinion - good, better, best, bad, worse, worst, wonderful,
splendid, mediocre, awful
- personality/emotion - happy, sad, excited, scared, frightened,
outgoing, funny, sad
- sound - loud, soft, silent, vociferous, screaming,
shouting, thunderous, blaring, quiet
- taste - sweet, sour, acidic, bitter, salty, tasty,
delicious, savory, delectable, yummy, bland.
- touch - hard, soft, silky, velvety, bumpy, smooth,
grainy, coarse, pitted, irregular, scaly…
- size,
weight - heavy, light, big,
small, little, tiny, tall, short, fat, thin, slender, willowy…
- smell - perfumed, acrid, putrid, burnt, smelly,
reeking, noxious, pungent, aromatic…
- speed - quick, fast, slow, speeding, rushing, bustling,
rapid, snappy, whirlwind, swift…
- temperature - hot, cold, freezing, icy, frigid, sweltering,
wintry, frosty, frozen, nippy…
- age - young, old, baby, babyish, teenage, ancient,
antique, old-fashioned, youthful…
- distance - short, long, far, distant, nearby, close,
faraway, outlying, remote, far-flung…
- shape - round, circular, square, triangular, oval,
sleek, blob by, flat, rotund, globular…
- miscellaneous
qualities- full, empty, wet, dry, open, closed
, ornate, ...
- brightness - light, dark, bright, shadowy, drab, radiant,
shining, pale, dull, glowing…
- color - pink, red, orange, yellowish, dark-green, blue,
purple, black, white, gray, brown…
- time - early, late, morning, night, evening,
everlasting, initial, first, last, overdue, belated.
- origin/location - lunar, northern, oceanic, polar, equatorial,
Floridian, American…
- material - glass, wooden, cloth, concrete, fabric, cotton,
plastic, leather, ceramic, china…
- purpose - folding, swinging, work, racing, cooking, sleeping, dance, rolling, walking, ...
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An adverb is a word that describes an
action, telling "how," "when," "where," "how
often," or "how much" an action took place. In the phrase
"the cat ate hungrily," hungrily is an adverb since it describes how
the cat ate. Adverbs often end in ly. Some adverbs are: easily, warmly, quickly, mainly, freely, often, and unfortunately.
Types
of Adverb
·
manner (described how
something happens) - well, beautifully, terribly, quietly, noisily…
·
place (described where something
happens) - here, there, everywhere, nowhere..
·
time (described how long or
when something happens) - before, after, still, yet…
·
frequency (described how
often something happens) - always, never, sometimes, often…
·
degree (described to what
degree something happens) - almost, nearly, barely, scarcely…
·
certainty (described how
probable it is that something will happen) - definitely, probably…
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The Preposition
Prepositions are
words that combine with a noun or pronoun to form a phrase.
Prepositions-
at, by, in, to, from
Example:
It was hard for
the boy because he was from another
country.
We worked on our project at home.
"By Thursday you should have your songs memorized," the
teacher said to the
chorus.
In the box I found a wonderful book for myself.
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The Conjunction
Conjunctions are
words that connect sentences, clauses, phrases or words. Conjunctions-and, but,
or, however, nevertheless
Example:
“Do you want lettuce or green beans with your dinner
tonight?" mom asked me.
I liked the movie; however, I thought it was too
long."
“I would rather go to the party, but I have to do homework,"
I said.
“I wish I could go to the party and the game," I said.
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The Interjection
An interjection is a word added to a sentence to convey emotion. It is not
grammatically related to any other part of the sentence.
You usually follow an interjection with an exclamation
mark. Interjections are uncommon in formal academic prose, except in
direct quotations.
An interjection is a word that expresses emotion as an
interruption or an aside. An interjection often starts a sentence but it can be
contained within the sentence or can stand alone. Some interjections are: ah, aha, alas, aw, ay, bah, eh, hurray, man, oh, oho, oh-oh, ooh, oops, ow, oy, phew, ugh, uh, woah, wow, yay, yow.
Example:
The highlighted words in the following sentences are
interjections:
Ouch, that hurt!
Oh
no, I forgot that the exam was
today.
Hey! Put that down!
I
heard one guy say to another guy, "He has a new car, eh?"
I
don't know about you but, good
lord, I think taxes are too high!
Parts
of Speech Table
This
is a summary of the 8 parts of speech.
part of speech
|
function or "job"
|
example words
|
example sentences
|
Verb
|
action or state
|
(to) be, have, do, like, work, sing, can, must
|
Englishwomen is a web site. I like Englishwomen.
|
Noun
|
thing or person
|
pen, dog, work, music, town, London, teacher, John
|
This is my dog.
He lives in my house. We live in London.
|
Adjective
|
describes a noun
|
a/an, the, 2, some, good, big, red, well, interesting
|
I have two dogs. My dogs are big. I like big dogs.
|
Adverb
|
describes a verb, adjective or adverb
|
quickly, silently, well, badly, very, really
|
My dog eats quickly.
When he is very hungry,
he eats really quickly.
|
Pronoun
|
replaces a noun
|
I, you, he, she, some
|
Tara is Indian. She is beautiful.
|
Preposition
|
links a noun to another word
|
to, at, after, on, but
|
We went to school on Monday.
|
Conjunction
|
joins clauses or sentences or words
|
and, but, when
|
I like dogs and I like cats. I like cats and dogs. I like dogs but I don't like cats.
|
Interjection
|
short exclamation, sometimes inserted into a sentence
|
oh!, ouch!, hi!, well
|
Ouch! That hurts! Hi!
How are you? Well, I
don't know.
|
http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/parts-of-speech_1.htm
“The
American constitutions were to liberty, what a grammar is to language: they
define its part of speech, and practically construct them into syntax”
Thomas
Paine
References:
http://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/nouns.html
http://www.english-grammar-revolution.com/parts-of-speech.html
http://www.enchantedlearning.com/grammar/partsofspeech/interjections/index.shtml
http://library.thinkquest.org/J0111282/vocabulary.htm
http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/parts-of-speech_1.htm
www.google.com.ph/
www.scribendi.com
year1world.blogspot.com
www.despardes.com
tx.english-ch.com
teachernessa.blogspot.com
teachernessa.blogspot.com
chrome.brainpop.com
blogs.longwood.edu
blogs.longwood.edu
